Very few children require an operation. Your child may require an operation if there is an abnormality of the kidneys or bladder that causes blockage to the urine flow. In children who have reflux they are usually treated with antibiotics and only rarely is it necessary to operate to tighten or reimplant the ureters as they enter the bladder (see diagram).
Remember most children with urine infections recover completely. Please ask the doctor or nurse if you have any questions.

NKF Controlled Document No. 127, Children with Recurrent Urinary Tract Infection — A guide for families — Will my child require an operation?, written 16 July 2004. Last reviewed 1 September 2008.
Content compiled by members of the Children’s Renal & Urology Unit, QMC, Nottingham.
The National Kidney Federation cannot accept responsibility for information provided. The above is for guidance only. Patients are advised to seek further information from their own doctor.
Page created: 16 July 2004
Last updated: 6 August 2007
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